Part 1. 乌金多杰仁波切 Orgyen Tobgyal 搜集关于确吉罗卓的回忆录
人物表
- 2. 噶陀寺
- 2.1 罗卓祖古的童年
- 3. 送到宗萨寺
- 3.1 床的风波
- 3.2 关于钦哲活佛的争议
- 颉格拓丹解决纷争
- 4. 护持噶陀寺
- 4.1 驱逐女众
- 4.2 与噶陀寺断交
- 5 创办康杰佛学院 / 拜访三世多智钦 / 寺院和拉章的资源管理
- 6. 钦哲拉章早些年 (拉章的驿使 / 秘药 )
- 7. 过林卡 (黄鼠狼蹄立 )
- 7.4 跳锅庄 / 嘎莫达仓命案
- 8. 呼唤神灵
- 9. 大师与堪布
- 10. 宗萨寺轶事
- 11. 钦哲拉章轶事
- 11. 1次久跟强佐的矛盾
- 11. 2三世涅顿秋林讲述的故事
- 12. 法侣
- 空行母的头发
- 二世钦哲与拉卡家族
- 康卓慈玲秋珑

12. 法侣
康卓慈玲秋珑(Khandro Tsering Chodron)
有一年,直贡伏藏师告诫确吉罗卓,倘若无祥缘,他可能命不久矣。六七年后,确吉罗卓决定迎娶康卓慈玲秋珑为法侣。直贡伏藏师为良缘送上白度母像,举行各种仪式为仁波切延寿祈福。护送度母像前往钦哲拉章的队伍壮大,在宗萨寺外排了长长的队。然而,队伍没从正门进入,仁波切指示他们从木柴堆旁边的一扇小侧门进去。门一开,佛像的所有挂件,经幡,宝盖和吉祥物等等,都得从那扇小门挤进去 — 差点没挤进。直贡伏藏师进去将佛像供奉给仁波切时,众人聚集在拉章外面等候。
康卓慈玲小时候,一位格鲁派喇嘛曾问她,长大后是否有意愿出家为尼。她说不。她希望能到宗萨,成为确吉罗卓钦哲的法侣。
过了几年,康卓慈玲十三岁的时候,拉卡家族到宗萨寺拜见仁波切,供养祈福。康卓说,不知什么原因,那天木柴堆旁的这扇小侧门没锁—白度母像进去的那扇门 — 所以她第一次进入宗萨,也是走的同一扇小门。
康卓从小就剃光头,决定让她前往宗萨时,没来得及留头发。由此,她进寺院时,头光得像块光滑圆润的石头,闪闪发亮 — 藏人称做“阿果”。她还穿着霍巴1传统的无袖袍,宗萨寺的僧人曾一度误认她为尼姑。
白雅祖古觉得康卓慈玲秋珑是祖扎梅朵卓(Zurza Metok Drön)转世,而大多人认为她是雪卡多杰措(Shelkar Dorje Tso)的化身。
三世宗萨仁波切让我将关于此事的所听所闻全盘道出,正面的负面的,包括关于众人对二世宗萨仁波切迎娶法侣的不满。
我不清楚当时的不满情绪有多高涨,仲译次仁在世时曾告诉我,迎娶仪式结束后,借此觐见仁波切的人群也逐渐散去,掌膳总管索彭向仲译次仁抱怨:“哎哟!早知道不活到今年了。”
仲译次仁说:“真是的!胡说什么?”
“我不该活到今日。”索彭还是这样说:“现在可好,寺院里住着一对夫妻,成何体统。”
仲译次仁表示,他自己不是出家人,对仁波切娶法侣没觉得不妥。我不清楚康杰佛学院有多少僧人对此事有意见,扎西南嘉觉得应该不少,连德雄安江仁波切都有听闻他们的议论。这种不满情绪让德雄安江仁波切有点担忧,于是他到康杰佛学院扎起帐篷,接受众僧的辩论挑战。大家遵循传统规矩,用有效的引文和合乎逻辑的论据来辩论。德雄安江仁波切立场坚定,彻底地驳斥僧人们的反面意见。譬如,经文中提到的“男女瓦嘉达拉(金刚总持)指的是上师及其法侣”,即是般若、空性与慈悲的体现,诸如此类。他花大量时间跟僧人们讨论此事。佐钦寺的僧人对仁波切的婚事有意见,他倒不在乎,但是,倘若宗萨寺众僧不满或诋毁仁波切,影响三昧耶,可能会导致仁波切折寿。出于此原因,德雄安江仁波切专程来的康杰佛学院。
扎西南嘉还提到,佐钦寺和雪谦寺的僧人们言辞犀利,说仁波切娶了拉卡家的“老女人”,但我不信喇嘛们会这样讲。佐钦仁波切(五世)迎娶法侣后,确吉罗卓仁波切为他灌顶及授予口传法;建议确吉罗卓迎娶法侣延寿的几位大师之中就有雪谦谦江。说不好雪谦寺和佐钦寺的僧人们故意挑衅仁波切,因为他是萨迦派?或许他们本身并没有皈依仁波切?具体原因我不知道,也不清楚宗萨寺僧人中实际上有多少反对仁波切的婚事。宗萨寺跟钦哲拉章只是并存的关系,没有过于紧密,仁波切也极少为宗萨寺僧人灌顶,授予口传或者进行任何指导。
传授《大宝伏藏》之后,仁波切坚持举办祝圣法会,纪念堪洛却松2(堪布菩提萨埵3、莲花生大士和赤松德赞王),不管开销多大。他们在康杰佛学院搭起帐篷:顶果钦哲身穿莲花生大士袈裟,手持响铃;钦哲仁波切则身着赤松德赞王的锦缎黄袍,负责经典的铙钹。(我忘了问谁穿扮为护寂大师。)仪式从宗萨寺所在山头的高坡处开始,当队伍到达低坡处时,不知怎么的,敲钹似乎让仁波切不舒服,他说自己头晕,要求跟顶果钦哲交换乐器。(那是一对神奇的铙钹,倘若你无法敲完完整的祈祷文,它会扰乱你的血液循环!)
那会儿,顶果钦哲的哥哥桑杰年巴仁波切恰好站在宗萨众僧当中,他听见僧人们议论:“嘿!仁波切正在跟萨嘎祖古交换乐器。下一步他们是不是要交换老婆?”
晚上桑杰将听到的话告诉顶果钦哲:“你和仁波切在干什么?大家在议论你们下一步是不是就要交换伴侣!”
至于德格更庆寺持有什么态度,我完全不了解。仁波切早年肯定有拜访过更庆寺,但后来没再去过,这样的走访实在如白日星辰般稀罕。事实上,我想说,钦哲转世们都有四处奔波的习惯,如同龙卷风,大概跟他们的前世喜欢周游四方有关。
- 甘孜州道孚县境内的一个藏族支系
- 师君三尊
- 也称护寂大师
2. 噶陀寺的童年
据顶果钦哲仁波切说,蒋扬钦哲旺波的五个转世皆由蒋贡康楚罗卓泰耶仁波切认定。噶陀寺的司徒确吉嘉措曾致信蒋贡康楚,请求将其中一位钦哲小灵童留在噶陀寺抚养,信中原话是:“抚养钦哲灵童是寺院莫大的福气。”
“钦哲灵童都已经有安排了!”蒋贡康楚回复,“有个男孩也许适合噶陀寺...我最好不要明确点名。”
噶陀司徒当然没有因此放弃,书信不断,一再恳求。最终,蒋贡康楚邀请他到住处,敲定细节。
“你一直恳求我将钦哲灵童送到噶陀寺抚养,”蒋贡康楚说,“噶陀寺乃神圣之地。蒋扬钦哲旺波确实有提过,假如当初没选择游历四方,他愿意住在那。但最终他选择作为行僧,游历四方。在乌穴获得虹身前,他曾发愿要在卫藏边境建立万僧寺。所以留在噶陀寺并非他最强烈的意愿。
“我无法解释钦哲旺波为何无缘留在噶陀寺。也许是怙主1的意愿,又或许,寺院外的游历收获颇丰,他不想退隐。
“不管什么原因,如今噶陀寺需要一位钦哲转世灵童。由此,你必须接养这位伟大伏藏师的孙子,他无疑是钦哲旺波的事业化身。但是,千万不要为他盖建拉章,或者让他打理拉章;不要让他担任寺院住持,或者诸如此类的职务。倘若能培养他的自发性,专注瑜伽修行,将日他定会成为雪域罕有的大成就者。切记,日后寺院的琐事万不能交托给他。这些前提,能否承诺,请你先考虑好。”
蒋贡康楚将信函、护身符和哈达交给噶陀司徒,并赐予确吉罗卓法名“罗卓嘉措”。噶陀司徒带着信物拜访老伏藏师的儿子—确吉罗卓的父亲泽旺秋竹—将确吉罗卓接到噶陀寺,小灵童在那生活到十三岁。
据贡纳祖古描述,钦哲确吉罗卓抵达噶陀的时候正下着雪。拉章外表宏伟,里面却空空荡荡,安排给仁波切的房间极其简陋。隔日,积雪覆盖,在当地很罕见,虽然村民无法出门,许多人认为这是吉祥寓意。拉章很快为仁波切安排了简单的加冕礼。
次年,蒋贡康楚仁波切要在杂札仁钦扎举行诸佛智慧心要大灌顶,噶陀司徒在众僧陪同下前往。确吉罗卓渴望同行,噶陀司徒却不想带他:“你太小了,没必要去。”确吉罗卓不敢违抗,然而,后来仁波切表示,那是自己唯一能见到蒋贡康楚的机会,就此错过,深感遗憾。这些在自传里都没提及到。
据顶果钦哲说,仁波切从来不认为自己是钦哲旺波的转世,事实上,他认为那绝不可能。仁波切蛇年出生,而钦哲旺波龙年元月圆寂,相差仅仅八个月。他甚至引用《阿毗达摩》及其他经典解说来证明。仁波切自传里有提及到。
- 又称大黑天,玛哈嘎拉
童年
前世画面
确吉罗卓仁波切的自传里有记载:
有一晚,我正在念诵《催破金刚陀罗尼经》,
凝视着月光下的噶陀寺出神,
强烈的悲悯忽如而来。
辉煌的萨迦寺,
浮现在脑海里...
我问顶果钦哲那晚发生了什么,仁波切这段描述到底在表达什么。顶果钦哲说,那天,仁波切的老师正在噶陀寺后山的山洞里闭关,而仁波切坐外头,在皮坐垫上持咒。谁也说不准,或许受了咒语的加持,月亮从云层钻出来,月光洒满山谷。那一刻,噶陀寺的轮廓变得异常清晰,仁波切看得出神,凝视着噶陀寺,他看到浅灰色沙地,矗立着另一座寺院的样子。
这不是梦境,而是仁波切清醒时的观想。画面消失后,他记起自己前身是萨迦昆族的后裔,居住的寺院周围是浅灰色沙地。持咒时这些片断一直浮现。一开始,仁波切并不知道自己看到的是什么寺院,后来才知道是萨迦寺。
水银事件
小时候,确吉罗卓的称号是罗卓祖古(罗卓小活佛)。他是个精力旺盛的男孩,活泼好动。有一天,罗卓祖古打扫佛堂时偶然发现一个蓝色玻璃瓶,外形特别,沉甸甸的。晃一晃,还会咕噜咕噜地响,他完全没头绪那是什么。
小祖古心想:“一定是宝物,如果那么珍贵,我应该喝下去。”于是他一口气喝了。
没多久,老师回来,罗卓祖古还趴在供奉台上打扫。他往供碗里倒水的时候,老师似乎意识到哪里不对劲,视线四处梭巡,看看小祖古,再看看佛龛,又看看地板。就是说不出哪儿不对劲。老师心不在焉地拨弄着念珠,忽然眼睛一亮,放下佛珠,打开抽屉,拿出已经空空的蓝瓶子。
“里面的东西呢?”老师问。罗卓祖古不敢撒谎,如实交待。
“啊?!”老师尖叫一声,瘫坐在垫子上。他目光焦急地绕着房间和小祖古打转,冥思苦想。“哎!”
这位老师可是出了名的严师,学生稍有差错,他毫不留情地扇耳光或直接挥棒。我记得小时候,有次大家给仁波切剃头,我数过他头顶的伤疤,有二三十道,都是老师狠打的留痕。但是那次,老师只是像热窝上的蚂蚁原地打转。
最后,老师禀告噶陀司徒:“罗卓祖古,这孩子不简单。他喝了一杯水银!供奉的时候,水银珠子从他体内滚出,落在佛龛上,再滚落到地面。祖古却安然无恙。这孩子非比寻常。”
验梦
司徒教噶陀寺的喇嘛和小灵童们验梦,寻找自己的前世。那天晚上,罗卓祖古睡前诵念祈祷文,祈求梦中能显现前世片段。黎明时分,他梦见一位佩戴绿松石的藏族长老,身穿蓝色丝绸织锦长袍。
第二天,小灵童们聚集一起,噶陀司徒让大家描述自己的梦境。有些说看到自己的前世是戴着班智达帽的喇嘛,有些说看见自己头上有角,还有几个说梦见高僧和本尊。
噶陀司徒听着都只是“嗯,嗯”地回应,没让任何人详细描述。当他听罗卓祖古描述梦境时,却啊地惊呼。然后多次追问,确定这位老人是在家人吗。罗卓祖古说是,确定是在家人。噶陀司徒念叨了好几遍:“罗卓祖古是俗人转世!”很快这成了小灵童间的口头禅。
在宗萨,有一幅按照一世钦哲指示绘制的唐卡,唐卡里面的赤松德真法王就穿着一样的蓝袍。
3. 罗卓祖古送到宗萨寺
以下是我从顶果仁波切那听说的几则故事,我一字不漏地复述。最早被认定的小活佛钦哲祖古,在宗萨寺接受确吉多杰大士传承仪式,仪式接近尾声时莫名病倒。小活佛当时的症状是发高烧,大家都以为受了风寒,没多久就病危。侍从们请来佐钦仁波切。
“我根本上师的转世将要夭折,”病榻前的佐钦仁波切将小活佛的头放在腿上,低声哭泣。不久后,佐钦仁波切外宣,小活佛已离世。
第一位钦哲祖古是钦哲旺波的肉体转世,但其他化身一直没有被公认。许多人觉得顶果仁波切是钦哲旺波的意化身,但我问顶果仁波切时,他亲口否认。
钦哲旺波圆寂后,其侄子格桑多杰成了宗萨寺主理事人,照顾第一世钦哲小活佛因而也成了他的职责。小活佛夭折后,格桑传书给噶陀司徒1:“我们宗萨寺的钦哲祖古骤然离世,有如骄阳遭月蚀。我已病入膏肓,时日不多。请求您,无论如何,将噶陀寺的小灵童赐给我。假如您在乎我们堂兄弟间,以及与您叔叔钦哲旺波的三昧耶2,请务必答应我的恳求。将祖古灵童送给宗萨寺。格桑遗笔。”
书信写好的第二天,格桑多杰理事就离世了。尽管如此,书信很快就送到噶陀司徒手中。
噶陀司徒起初没表态,后来他将确吉罗卓召到跟前。
“蒋贡康楚交代过我,要将噶陀寺和拉章托付于你。但是今天我收到一封紧急书信,格桑多杰让我将你送给宗萨寺。假如他还在世,我们还有商量的余地;如今他已离世,为了遵守三昧耶,我唯有答应他的请求。我别无选择,我没有勇气破的戒。我实在想不到其他办法,唯有将你送给宗萨寺。”
确吉罗卓表示,自己没有意愿要去宗萨寺,可是愿意遵从安排。不久后,噶陀司徒带着确吉罗卓和六七名随从启程宗萨。
钦哲拉章看似低调,其实存有蒋扬钦哲旺波的所有遗品及财物。
确吉罗卓刚到宗萨时,寺院里没人出去迎接。后来,拉章的负责人选了个吉日,护法殿主法座上添了几层厚垫子,噶陀司徒为确吉罗卓主持坐床继位典礼。
- 格桑多杰与噶陀司徒为亲兄弟,都是钦哲旺波的侄子。
- Samaya,誓言
床的风波
刚到的那晚,确吉罗卓走遍拉章,终于找到一张能睡的床榻。不久后,他才悉知那就是钦哲旺波生前的起居室,也是拉章的核心空间。当时没有其他选择,他顺理成章地住进去。打理拉章的人对此也只字未提。
一年后噶陀司徒再访宗萨寺。不止一次,确吉罗卓礼貌地邀请他坐下,噶陀司徒再三推辞:“我不能坐那。”
确吉罗卓只好献上座垫,司徒问:“你平时睡哪儿?”
“我刚到拉章时只找到这张床,于是就睡在这儿了。”
“哎呀!”噶陀司徒惊叫,“这就是俗语讲的狗上主人床!”
司徒连续念叨好几遍,确吉罗卓糊涂了。
“这是蒋扬钦哲旺波生前的卧榻,他是佛陀教法的至尊传授者。你居然睡在这!”
确吉罗卓表示自己忽然感到不安,即使已经在那睡了近一年,他还是礼貌地问司徒,自己是不是该换个地方。
“既然你已经住下,就继续住吧。”司徒后来表示,这是缘分,自己不该因此不悦。
噶陀司徒非常照顾钦哲确吉罗卓,对他给予耐心的指导,并教他许多关于内修心外修行的方法。虽然蒋贡康楚曾预言,游历四方最合适确吉罗卓,而那条路最终没得实现。
雪谦嘉察三世到访宗萨寺,确吉罗卓也邀请他坐床上。雪谦嘉察立马回绝,反之,他向床榻三朝拜,为确吉罗卓加持蒋扬钦哲旺波传承的圆满上师成就法。接受雪谦嘉察灌顶之后,确吉罗卓才正式继承一世钦哲的法帽。
“除了雪谦嘉察三世,没人配上蒋扬钦哲旺波的床榻。现在回想起来,如此伟大的上师,如此殊胜非凡的遗物,我何德何能,根本不配上榻。但我糊里糊涂地睡了很多年,没法子。”
3.2 关于钦哲活佛的争议
背景
钦哲旺波圆寂前,预言来世会有五样化身1。第一位带到宗萨寺的小灵童 —— 在佐钦仁波切怀里夭折的祖古 —— 当年由蒋贡康楚仁波切认证,是钦哲旺波的肉身化身,主要继承者。
同时住在宗萨的,还有另一位钦哲灵童。小活佛夭折后,很快有谣传祖古二号 —— 大家喊他Khyen Trukma / 小钦祖古 —— 本乐洛迭旺波已亲自认证。
噶陀司徒希望抚养钦哲灵童的决心从未动摇。如之前提到,蒋贡康楚虽然认出确吉罗卓,并未正式为其举行加冕坐床礼。蒋贡康楚对噶陀司徒千叮万嘱,万不能将打理拉章或寺院的重担交付于这位小祖古。
钦哲祖古夭折后,格桑多杰致信给噶陀司徒,请求将确吉罗卓送到宗萨寺。格桑多杰的骤然离世让噶陀司徒很为难,他无法当面解释蒋贡康楚的交代,为了平衡噶陀与宗萨的利弊,噶陀司徒唯有夙格桑多杰的愿。
扬希图登确吉嘉措仁波切(三世宗萨仁波切)听闻,小钦祖古并没有得到宗萨所有喇嘛的支持。没错。宗萨寺是萨迦派,小钦祖古也是萨迦派,出于这个理由,寺院的喇嘛们会接纳他;然而,钦哲拉章与宗萨寺并非一体,并且拉章承担的职责更多,拉章的喇嘛们断然不接纳小钦 —— 钦哲旺波跟宗萨寺的关系不算密切 —— 当初钦哲拉章的主理人格桑多杰,钦哲旺波的侄子,恳求噶陀司徒将钦哲确吉罗卓送到宗萨,也是这个原因。钦哲拉章和格桑多杰负责抚养钦哲祖古,而宗萨寺负责抚养小钦祖古。
不清楚这些小活佛的亲信派别间是否正面发生过冲突 —— 传言洛特旺波虽找到小钦灵童,但从未行认定仪式 —— 宗萨寺跟钦哲拉章由此闹矛盾,日渐加深,有段时间不少喇嘛们甚至开始随身携带匕首。
矛盾居高不下,噶陀司徒最终亲临宗萨找确吉罗卓谈。他边喝茶边说:“你是蒋贡康楚的预言中人,然而,这个寺院似乎不太欢迎你。我听闻,有人公开表达对你的不满。如果你愿意,可以跟我回噶陀寺,我需要你。”
确吉罗卓比初到宗萨时成熟了不少,他沉思片刻,接而说:“仁波切让我做什么,我都愿意,但是,请允许我先说几句。”
“好!”噶陀司徒说,“你有什么想说的?”
“仁波切,您想让我回噶陀寺。假如当初没被送给宗萨,那是合情合理的。然而,事实是我被指派到这儿,也安顿在这儿。最近寺院确实矛盾不断,假如我弃之不理,必受后人指责。况且,我的梦境暗示,假如留下,日后我将有机会尽微薄之力,弘扬佛法。噶陀寺已经有您,仁波切,您功德无量,只要有您在,噶陀寺都用不上我。假如有一天您离开噶陀寺,我保证,立马回去接管事务,完成十五年之约。”
听确吉罗卓讲完,噶陀司徒沉默良久。他仰视天空,泪流满面:“我们总是掉进同样的陷阱!我以为自己比你年长,阅历比你丰富,洞见定比你深。但现在我知道,你在精神与俗世层面都远远超越了我。现在我明白,你应该留在宗萨。”
于是,确吉罗卓留在了宗萨。
据三世宗萨仁波切所听闻,噶陀司徒当初只答应将确吉罗卓小灵童借用给宗萨,期限为十五年,他并未承诺将小灵童全然让出。但我没找到关于这一细节的记载,而《自传》中确有记载关于钦哲确吉罗卓为噶陀寺守持十五年的承诺。
- 钦哲旺波曾授记,转世后,会有身、语、意、功德、事业五个化身,五个化身又各会有五个化身,总共会有二十五个化身来利益众生。
颉格拓丹解决纷争
据扎西南嘉所述,确吉罗卓接受《大宝伏藏》教法传授不久后,颉格拓丹(Jago Tobden)亲临宗萨。那时政治动荡还未涉及民生,颉格拓丹告诉强佐泽旺巴觉 1(Chakdzo Tsewang Paljor),德格政府下令必须尽快平复两位活佛谁去谁留的争议,他任命前来协调。
拓丹作为协调人的消息传开后,泽旺巴觉以及确吉罗卓的其他侍从多次求见,希望为主子据理力争。但每次只要确吉罗卓身边的人一露面,即使是斟茶倒水,拓丹立马严厉地哄他们出去。对小钦祖古的亲信们,拓丹则很客气,礼貌相待。这样的局面大概持续了十天,确吉罗卓身边的随从觉得受了不公平对待,非常愤怒,德格的泽旺敦都怎么会指派颉格拓丹这样的偏心派来做决策呢!即便不满,他们又能怎样。
不久后,宗萨僧众召开了一次会议。众僧的观点是,认寻小钦祖古的本乐洛迭旺波,“是萨迦俄派辉煌传承中无与伦比的生命支柱”,作为确吉罗卓的老师,本乐洛迭旺波依旧推选钦哲楚玛(小钦祖古)。宗萨是俄派的分寺,倘若驱逐钦哲楚玛,就是违背洛迭旺波的意愿,万万不可。听到这些,泽旺巴觉深信确吉罗卓的胜数不大。
傍晚,泽旺巴觉刚踏出拉章厨房,看见颉格拓丹独自徘徊在仁波切门外,面无表情,显然在沉思。拓丹忽然用力推门,大步迈进去。
“会是什么事呢?”泽旺巴觉心想。不到一刻钟,拓丹出来了。
泽旺巴觉跑到仁波切面前,想问明真相。仁波切没说什么,仅仅承认拓丹是有来过。许多年之后,泽旺巴觉才听颉格拓丹亲口描述事情真相。
那天颉格拓丹跟确吉罗卓说:“目前的僵局,不是你们两位造成的。然而,寺院确实不应该有两位活佛,否则冲突还会继续。我诚心地问你,仁波切,你希望留在宗萨寺,还是离开?”
“我俩谁去谁留都不是最重要的。”仁波切回答,“说实话,我更向往寺院之外的生活。倘若我留下,我要全心弘法,发扬德格王国优势。”
颉格拓丹请求仁波切对他们之间的对话保密,随后转移话题。
当天,颉格拓丹拟出裁定书。
“出于功德行愿不够,尊贵的钦哲祖古(小钦楚玛)不能继续留在宗萨寺。我会另行找寺院安顿他 2。”
拓丹原计划是帮助小钦祖古征得高山牧民和平地耕民的支持。然而最终,他选择将小钦活佛带走,一并带走的,还有寺院及拉章的所有财物—牛、马、金银等。
- 强佐,寺院大管家,总管
- 安顿在Yuling的Galing寺。
4. 护持噶陀寺
噶陀司徒圆寂后,钦哲确吉罗卓守诺接管噶陀寺事务。那段时间仁波切频繁地从宗萨到噶陀,护持寺院,每次都是从同一条路翻越垭口。次久记得,到了噶陀地界,仁波切总会性情大变,暴躁易怒。动不动就训斥侍从们,对他们的言行举止,内省修持都变得零容忍,时常怒吼如雷。一旦踏入宗萨之地,立马恢复温和性情。
驱逐噶陀寺女众
噶陀司徒主管那些年,僧舍里住着不少女人,噶陀寺的众僧充其量不过是披着僧服的俗人。噶陀司徒一直希望颁布禁令,禁止女人进出僧舍,却多遭阻挠,反方认为这样会激怒寺院的主护法神拉姆。确吉罗卓接管后,常年闭关果普洞的老喇嘛恳求他立马颁布禁令,禁止女众进出 -— 这位老喇嘛就是昆巴堪布 —— 堪布义正言辞地阐述禁令的重要性,自己却不愿意协助。后来,确吉罗卓提出跟努登堪布、乔登堪布,还有噶陀寺的格泽祖古1共商策略,最终发现,三位都在甩担子,想让仁波切自己抗下。次久很失望。
“噶陀司徒既然委任我为噶陀寺的法脉传承,我就是当家!噶陀寺的一草一木,从法座到锅碗瓢盆安排,我说了算。我有合法的处置权!”确吉罗卓说,“天亮之前,所有女众必须撤离寺院,不管她是修行人,管理社区的,甚至活佛亲眷,毫无例外。明日一早严查,违者鞭笞。”
晨曦初露,确吉罗卓、格泽祖古以及乔登堪布巡遍寺院每个角落,从内殿到僧舍,一位女众都没有。次久很震惊,赞叹仁波切的壮举。驱逐女众事件后,仁波切身体安然无恙,感冒症状都没有,之前担心触怒护法神班达拉姆的想法显然是多余的。
与噶陀寺断交
噶拉正空(后转世为智美正空)圆寂后,他的兄弟携同财政管家带着大量珍宝潜往汉地。赤巴家族坚信这些圣物是从噶陀寺盗取的,当然不肯罢休,设伏路途袭击正空党羽,劫走他们所有的财物。正空与赤巴两大家族因此结仇,财产争纷一直纠缠不清。
确吉罗卓传授《大宝伏藏》灌顶期间,雪谦冉江决定好好审判此案。两家族各执一词,雪谦冉江耐心地听完双方申述,促膝长谈,长达半月之久。双方都有充分的机会据理力争,除了不能直接向钦哲仁波切申述。最终,判决协议达成,赤巴方不仅要归还那次抢来的所有物品,还要为此行为赔偿。换之,赤巴族人能继续留在噶陀寺。案情虽了,双方的恩怨并未化解。
后来,噶陀寺日渐衰落,那时噶陀司徒转世尚为年幼。有一年策秋节2,赤巴方盛装参加法舞 — 新娘子、她的母亲及随从。金刚舞上几位面具舞者有意针对她们 — 在骨号上撒白灰,专门冲赤巴家的姑娘们吹。赤巴家侍从们怒不可歇,揪住一位面具舞者割下耳朵。
确吉罗卓和噶陀小活佛为之大怒,此事件也成了确吉罗卓跟噶陀寺关系的分水岭。在此之前,他守诺悉心护持噶陀;此后,他不再踏入噶陀地界。
- 格泽玛哈班迪塔,三世噶陀格泽仁波切
- Tsechu Festival,也称戒楚节
5. 创办康杰佛学院
民间有传言钦哲确吉罗卓曾经常四处化缘,纯属谣言。仁波切十三岁那年完成学业,噶陀司徒派他到霍尔喀和扎溪卡募捐。在自传里,仁波切以诗体的形式描述过那次募捐,还提到去过岭国。除此之外,我知道的还有一趟,是在1916年,那时仁波切23岁,为筹建宗萨康杰佛学院巡游募捐。
记得那天是藏历正月十五,皓月当空,月光下仁波切初拟出佛学院蓝图。虽然以今日的标准,这规模算不上什么,当时可算是浩大工程。仁波切跟当年钦哲拉章的仓管亲临拟建点,推敲每座建筑的占地。规模落实后,他进去拉章储藏室,看看有多少可用资源,却发现储藏室仅有两箱茶叶,七八牛皮袋的糌粑面和少量酥油。
“仓库几乎是空的,”老仓管说:“还要启动那么大的工程,仁波切怎么看?”
仁波切回答:“不成问题,我去化缘募捐。”
临行前,仁波切亲自向主木匠泽旺巴登及其他匠工交待细节,委托索彭蒋扎监管工程,然后沿着峡谷到甘孜大金寺(Dargye monastery)申请化缘许可。许可批获后,仁波切动身前往阿宗噶寺(Adzom Gar),从那继续募捐。到仁波切24岁那年,募集到的供品堆积如山,化缘结束,佛学院正式动工。
5.1 三世多智钦仁波切-吉美滇培尼玛
仁波切随后去了多智钦嘎尔(闭关中心),那是他跟三世多智钦仁波切第一次见面。当时三世多智钦年纪并不大,但由于长年疾患,无法独立行走。尽管如此,仁波切到达时,多智钦仍坚持亲自迎接。两名侍从搀扶着,走得跌跌撞撞,像个蹒跚学步的孩童。依规矩,在生命晚年,多智钦仁波切只传授灌顶和法要,除此之外,他几乎不跟任何人私下交流;但对宗萨仁波切,他破例地用心,非常恭敬。
多智钦当时纵使疾重体弱,诵读灌顶经文却行云流水。那次他分别传授了《持明总集》(Gathering of Vidyadharas)、《吉祥集续》(Gathering of the Glorious Ones)和《心髓三根本》(Three Roots of Nyingtik),持明总集灌顶之时,为仁波切赐名贝玛益西多杰。
多智钦患有的口腔疾病在藏语叫bam dre,主要症状是牙龈肿痛,牙根出脓,由此舌头和嘴唇长期红肿干裂,牙齿发黑,血脓时不时从牙龈流出。他记载过:“我年轻时遇到一位宗师,他给我传的法我没有发扬,因此积攒下恶业。这些恶业今生以身体疾病的形式释放,由此我才能摆脱精神困扰和痛苦。”这位宗师其实是一位格鲁派堪布,曾在多智钦寺教五大论1(哲学)。堪布圆寂后,众僧请示多智钦,在哪建舍利塔合适。
多智钦的回答是:“我的五大论知识是由堪布传承的。不过,他的舍利塔决不能建在多智钦寺院内,要建在界外。”早年的多智钦寺肯定有受到格鲁派的影响2。
至于仁波切从多智钦寺得到多少的财物供养,我并不清楚。
- 分别为《入中论》、《俱舍论》、《现观庄严论》、《释量论》和《律藏论》
- 多智钦寺为宁玛派
5.2 宗萨寺和钦哲拉章的资源管理
三世宗萨仁波切问我,索扎以前是不是监管寺院收成。
索扎不是。康杰佛学院、宗萨寺和嘎莫达仓禅修院有不同的监管员,都由颉格喇嘛总监。颉格喇嘛是德格政府的高级官员,也是多年来宗萨寺的税收官,主要监管青稞和小麦的征收。
当时,依照藏区的老传统,像钦哲拉章这样的地方没有土地拥有权。康区广阔的耕地大多为德格王所有,一些田地分配给钦哲拉章、佛学院和两所闭关中心使用。有些德格地主也会供养田地,他们还派人耕种、打理和收割。拉章只需要提供种子,收成时派人到场监管收割,确保粮食恰当地分配到各个机构。康杰佛学院的僧侣和工作人员每人能分发到够用半年的粮食、酥油和盐;拉章的工作人员则只获得食宿,没有薪水。
那时没有专门卖酥油的门店,供灯和食用耗费大量的酥油,由此拉章拥有一大群母牦牛,专门用于产奶。牦牛租给牧民放养,牧民送回所产的部分牛奶和酥油作为租赁金;信众也会带供养食物到拉章—酥油、粮食和肉等等。仁波切住处有个储藏室,所有供品都锁存在储藏室里,只有两位索彭(掌膳总管)有权挪用。那时极少会收到金钱供奉。
康杰佛学院确立后,仁波切拨出启动资金,用于佛学院、嘎莫达仓禅修院,还有德格仁钦寺扎贡闭关中心(萨迦派)的运转,粮食、酥油等物资都能定期供应。
宗萨寺的宗教活动均由当地村民资助,例常的供养法会则从寺院的预算资金拨付。例外情况下,当仁波切决定举办更大型的法会时—譬如年度的普巴金刚灌顶法会—才需要拉章拨款资助。
6. 钦哲拉章早些年
钦哲旺波在宗萨时,居住的房舍由索莫和杜莫家族供养。钦哲确吉罗卓初到宗萨时,则居住在顶果家族供养的房舍。在此之前,那里住着一位老僧人和钦哲旺波的亲戚。相信钦哲旺波时不时会造访。我记得门当是一块嘛呢石,刻着“Chime Drupe Gatsal”(无死成就喜林)几个字。竹席搭成的建筑,并排而立。钦哲确吉罗卓定居宗萨后,房舍间的墙拆了,打通为一个大开间,就是当年钦哲拉章的雏形。下面是一些拉章当年的传闻。
起初仁波切的侍从就不多,厨师一名,侍从一名,还有次久(Tsejor),仁波切不喜欢拉章里有俗人,一旦发现非出家人出行在拉章里,他会不悦:“他在这做什么?消耗食物,滥用供品!快让他走!”
那时,德格还没开始派遣重要大使前往宗萨,算是宗萨最清闲的时期。次久说仁波切的心境非常平和、敏锐,大小事务他都能亲力指挥。仁波切从早止语修持到晌午,午餐后休息片刻,下午继续。他的侍从们也过得愉悦悠闲。
有一次,仁波切告诉琼泽:“那是真的快乐。”
“那时侍从很少,也没有财物,你真的快乐吗?”次久有点惊讶。
“如今我的财物即使再多,也找不到能跟早年相比的平和愉悦。”仁波切回答。
- 拉章 – 又称拉卜楞,寺主活佛的府邸
拉章的驿使
那时候西藏还没有电话,仁波切和拉章里的人跟外界联系主要依靠驿使。驿使常年在外,任务就是送信送包裹。有时候跋山涉水数周,清晨刚将物件送到拉章,人还未安顿好,日落前就带着新信物赶往别处,这是常有的事。
6.2 秘药
洛迭旺波生前有顶皮革帽,确吉罗卓用深绿裹布包着,装在灰牛皮袋里。袋子里面还有一些罕见滋补品。据侍从次久的回忆,仁波切感冒时常常伴有鼻炎,鼻炎一旦发作,他就拿出洛迭旺波的帽子,翻来抖去,抖出几根毛发,烧成灰,这是他的闻吸疗法。仁波切还有阿宗竹巴用过的羊毛手帕 —— 阿宗竹巴每次结束闻吸疗法后都用手帕擦鼻子 —— 这块是原封未洗的。生病那些日子,仁波切就拿出手帕,掰下一两块干鼻涕吃掉 —— 很自然,丝毫不觉得恶心 —— 然后用手帕拍打自己身体。有时候他用噶陀司徒的腰带轻抽自己。这些都是在普通方子不管用时仁波切才用上的秘药。
治愈咽喉炎
以下是扎西南嘉的回忆。有一次,仁波切破了三昧耶,引发咽喉炎,严重到失声。雪谦冉江(六世雪谦冉江仁波切)、顶果钦哲以及桑杰年巴(九世桑杰年巴仁波切,顶果钦哲哥哥)那时都住在宗萨,他们立即安排圣度母法事(供奉能言度母)。午斋时间还不见他们出来,扎西南嘉为大家端上锅盔、青稞饼和茶水,于是听到他们茶点间歇的对话。据三位所言,仁波切的病情比看起来要严重,至少现在不会继续恶化 —— 法事之后,度母像显吉兆。大家应该继续留意显兆。
扎西南嘉出于好奇,仔细地看了几遍度母像。是真的,他说,不仅看起来更庄严,还闪亮闪亮的,仿佛刚结束了一场金油浴。那场法事之后,仁波切身体很快就恢复,并且没有任何后遗症。
这尊度母像至今还供奉在宗萨寺,扎西南嘉说,但变得很不一样,几乎认不出是同一尊像。
司徒的红腰带
这段是贡纳祖古的回忆。赤巴家曾将噶陀司徒的红腰带送给贡纳祖古 —— 以前赤巴家族跟噶陀寺关系交好,他们向噶陀司徒求赠的 —— 祖古对此罕礼爱不释手,忍不住跑到仁波切的住处分享喜悦。
“在哪儿?”确吉罗卓问,“给我看看!看了就知道是不是真是仁波切的。”
贡纳祖古递上腰带,确吉罗卓仔细端详,甚至闻了闻。
“啊!果真是仁波切的味道。我需要这条腰带。你用不上它。”
床后面有几个存放佛像的木箱子,确吉罗卓指着其中一个让贡纳祖古打开,将腰带放进去 —— 旁边就是噶陀司徒的画像。不大不小,空间正正好。然后箱子锁上了。
“要不回来呢。”贡纳祖古听起来很后悔。
7. 过林卡
草原变绿的时候,宗萨周边的峡谷生机盎然,那是仁波切和侍从们都向往的耍坝子季。仁波切很喜欢过林卡 1,尤其是到宗萨扎西拉则下方木岳村外的树林边扎营,安静地呆半个月。即使遇上晚春雪,帐篷压扁,他也不考虑撤回寺院。
经典线路是从扎西拉则 2到普马山,再到多普沟 — 由于跟随的人太多,通常要搭巨型帐篷 — 从多普沟穿越垭口到胜吾拥措湖,再穿越另一个垭口到贝玛谢布,在那住三周,做朵玛 3。有时候,仁波切会在贝玛谢布的莲师洞闭关一个月,随从们住在下面的厨房里 — 仁波切喝不惯贝玛谢布的水,侍从们专程到山下的溪涧打水,一桶桶提上来。
黄鼠狼“蹄立”
出乎意料的是,确吉罗卓很容易受惊,对听到的传闻反应也很大。譬如,当地有种民间叫蹄立的野兽(黄鼠狼),传闻半夜咬掉一位老妇女的鼻子。
有次在多普沟扎营,仁波切发现帐篷没有布帘,便问正在上茶的侍从帘子在哪儿,侍从说大概让风刮丢了。仁波切立马要求将门帘补上,强佐赶忙找来块厚布,用面粉浆糊粘上。一小时后,仁波切特意去戳戳这块临时帘,发现粘贴处还未干。
“天黑前能粘牢固吗?”仁波切问。
“浆糊干得慢,得要好一阵子,”顶果钦哲说,“或许一两天?也有可能干不了。有什么问题吗?”
仁波切慌了:“蹄立半夜进来咬我鼻子怎么办。昨天我还看到千百只,它们成群地四处乱串,万一钻进来一只怎么办?萨嘎祖古4说了,浆糊可能不会自然干!生火,要确认睡前帘子粘牢!”
这是仁波切意志薄弱的时刻。
- 当地叫耍坝子
- 宗萨寺的藏语称呼
- 糌粑捏成的祭祀品
- 顶果钦哲年轻时众人称之为Salga Tulku 萨嘎祖古
7.4 跳锅庄
仁波切喜欢拔河游戏,还喜欢看跳锅庄。他在藏区生活的后期,尤其喜欢让拉卡家的女子们献舞 — 日璐和佩璐两位阿尼(拉卡家的两位出家女子),康卓慈玲和慈璐 — 康卓慈玲的岭舞跳得极美。有时候仁波切会请来舞者,助兴到深夜,自己坐在大篝火旁观赏。那些时候,侍从们要奋力搜集大量的木柴烧火,曾试过木柴比兴致先烧尽,侍从们挨顿严骂重罚。
离开藏地之后,仁波切再也没有这样的兴致,也不曾再让人献舞。
嘎莫达仓命案
从前,仁波切常由贝玛谢布到嘎莫达仓禅修院,在那呆上十天左右。
有年,禅修院一位老僧人莫名失踪 — 这位喇嘛年迈却富有,退休后独自住在僧舍,没有室友。失踪的消息很快传达到仁波切处,仁波切认为消失的喇嘛依旧身处嘎莫达仓。大家搜遍所有角落,偏偏找不到,仁波切却坚持说,他离的不远。后来,德格政府派来专员调查此事,谜团依旧没解开,大家便猜测,喇嘛是不是自己偷偷跑了 — 但他随身物品都还在,所以这可能性不大。仁波切坚定认为老僧人就在附近,于是决定做法事,同时让众人四处再搜一遍。
最终,找到的是老僧人的尸体 — 禅修院助理人将其先杀后埋。大家问仁波切喇嘛怎样死的。仁波切说自己没有超能力,不过重复看到一个画面 — 脖子卡在树枝上的鹤,无法挣脱。他说,老僧人属鸡的,肯定是同样的死法。
这次命案导致仁波切破了三昧耶誓,从此之后,每逢去到嘎莫达仓禅修院,仁波切都大病一场。禅院的修行者多次恳求仁波切来临,众望之下他又试着前往几次,每回都不例外,一到禅修院就重病。最终,他只能放弃。
仁波切那时负责修缮嘎莫达仓的闭关洞,并且出资制作所有的佛像。他最后一次前往嘎莫达仓,是去主持开光仪式,由确登和札西南嘉陪同。
开光仪式前一晚,所有物品都准备到位,密咒金刚杵置放在敏林度珠拉姆像前,后来有人发现金刚杵不在原来的地方,而是跑到了度珠拉姆手上!不可能朝上掉进去,唯一解释是度珠拉姆自己拾起的。
"不要碰它,"仁波切说,“明天开光,我会不断地持咒,直到度珠拉姆愿意放下金刚杵。”
仪式进行了三天,第四天清晨,众人走进山洞,发现密咒金刚杵归位了。在场的人都清楚,没有人将其从神像手上挪走。仁波切宣布:“开光仪式完成。”
8. 呼唤神灵
黑马之死
确吉罗卓喊来贡纳祖古,交给他一包供品:四枚汉地铜钱,些许青稞粉,还有一卷字符,用哈达裹在一起。
“来,”他说,“将这份供品送到雄登护法殿。”
“拉索!1”贡纳祖古说。
去护法殿的路上,贡纳祖古顺道停留自己的住处,发现哈达系的结松了。不经意地,他看到字符上的内容:“敏珠林的法脉在寺院里,恶灵们速速远离他!”上面盖着仁波切的印章。
贡纳祖古小心翼翼地将字符卷放回原位,继续前往护法殿,守门人为他开门。将哈达挂墙上时,贡纳祖古发现已有六七条一模一样的挂在墙上。祖古心想:“每次寺院接待高僧时,仁波切都会给护法们送出一样的供品。”
几周后,佐钦仁波切首访宗萨,随行的还有益西诺布、贡日堪布等等几位,一到就去拉章拜见确吉罗卓。仲译次仁2为宾客奉上茶水和红花米饭。佐钦仁波切回客房休息的时候,仲译次仁与佐钦寺(Dzogchen Monastery)的佐巴碰面,他俩同是强佐,仲译次仁负责宗萨的接待,为了确保食物充足,他要跟佐巴一起列个单子,好确定佐钦仁波切同行人数。
佐巴念着名字时,仲译次仁看到一名长相怪异的男子走进院子。蓬头乱发,衣衫褴褛,下体只裹着一块黑布,看似草原牧民,嘴唇不停地动,像在自言自语,却又语无伦次。突然,外面传来杂乱焦急的人声,喊着要藏香和火把。难不成有人病了?仲译次仁连忙跑出去看发生着什么,只见一匹俊美的孜岭黑马直挺挺地躺倒在马厩里,双腿僵硬,目测已死。
仲译次仁心想,要告诉仁波切,便跑向府邸。
“哎呀!忘了给护法捎个信,”仁波切听后喃喃道,“诶!诶!”
- 拉索,方言,好,遵命的意思
- 次仁 Tsering,与慈玲同源
11. 钦哲拉章轶事
次久跟强佐的矛盾
有一天,强佐(总管)在房间跟次久大声吵起来。这故事是札西南嘉跟我讲的,他不清楚争吵的导火线。
次久冲强佐竖小指,大声吼:“我管你是谁,我来服务仁波切的,才不要看你丁点脸色!色帕家怎么会出你这样的恶种?”
"你该死的奴才!"强佐反驳道:“你这个不伦不类,俗人不是,出家人也不是!”
札西南嘉和其他几名侍从默默站在门外,强佐继续数落次久,对他所有的不满直言不讳,最后一句是:“今后咱俩誓不两立!”
强佐怒冲冲地走出房间,侍从们纷纷躲开。远远地,众人目睹强佐气呼呼地走进仁波切住所,大家凑近偷听。
强佐耐不住怒气:“次久总是满嘴胡言,仁波切,你确定需要那长发畜生的伺候吗?他非僧非俗,不守戒律和三昧耶。我跟他水火不相容,要么他走,要么我辞职!”
仁波切继续默默地拨动念珠,强佐吐完槽携着三丈怒火走了。
“叫次久过来。”仁波切传令。札西南嘉赶紧去,心里有点担心次久要受罚。那时次久正在房间里修剪胡子,听到传唤,淡定迅速地跑进仁波切房间。
仁波切说:“次久,我最近有些不大好的梦境。接下来这两个月,你到主殿修持《无死圣度母心髓》吧。我相信你的三昧耶戒清净,适合心地善良的人修持。自己修就好。”
次久问什么时候开始合适,仁波切答:“今晚。”
“哇!拉索!”
札西南嘉随次久来到主殿里专门持诵念青唐古拉祈请文的房间,那里也用作待客房。次久找来一块布(不是灰色的)和大张蒲席,挪到闭关的屋子里,还带上他的糌粑袋,两个杯子。他还找来塞满麝香鹿毛的垫子,想用来当床垫,札西南嘉说这个垫子其他人用过,最好别挪进主殿。屋里其实堆了许多垫子,用不上鹿毛垫。
次久在墙边放两个垫子,铺上毯子,床就有了。床头放枕头和衣服,床尾放糌粑袋和杯子,他在中间坐下,开始修持。次久那次闭关两个月,那段时间里,强佐没有离开拉章半步。
仁波切十分钟爱次久,他俩关系很好。仁波切不止一次说过,次久寿终那天,即使在佛土中,他也会迅速赶到,亲自为他超度。
烧奶和烤肉
在拉章,肉烤得非常小心,假如烤焦也没太大问题;然而,牛奶炸锅却是另一码事。虽然白(牛奶)与红(焦肉)都污染灶台,红的远远没有白的糟糕。假如牛奶沸腾溢出来,或者煮糊了,仁波切会立马召集嘎莫德仓闭关中心的师父们,让中心所有闭关修行者念诵十万遍祈请文,安抚祥寿佛母次仁玛。
第三世涅顿秋林仁波切讲述的故事
盗墓
涅顿秋林住在宗萨时,同僧舍的喇嘛叫阿章布色拉杰。贡纳祖古也住在宗萨,在贡纳族群的一间僧舍。
一天,贡纳祖古约涅顿秋林:“祖古,我们一起出去走走吧。”
“去哪儿?”涅顿秋林祖古问。
“出去再说。”贡纳祖古随性地说。
涅顿秋林建议先去他的房间,好详细计划,贡纳祖古却坚持直接在他那儿碰面。涅顿秋林于是披上僧服,赶到贡纳祖古的拉章。
才刚进门,贡纳祖古建议:“现在出发!”
“去哪呀?”涅顿秋林想知道。
贡纳祖古回头环看,确定没有旁人,悄声说:“我们去墓地弄些人头骨和股骨,带回来做嘎巴拉1和号角。附近村有人的妻子刚去世,去年也有人死了,都埋在墓地里,我俩去挖。”
他俩太阳下山前来到墓地,涅顿秋林很快就挖到一具尸骨,他从坟墓中取出头骨,挑出面部的小骨扔掉,只留下颅骨,然后取下腿骨,一起装在马背上。那天不宜将骸骨带进寺院,于是他就近找个地方藏起来。第二天,涅顿秋林将骸骨带到宗萨寺下面的河边清洗,清洗完摆放在石头上晾晒,忽然来了个猎人。
“这看起来像人腿骨?”猎人惊讶地说。他拨拨骨头认真地看,忽然骨头传来咔嚓一声响,大家吓了一跳。
涅顿秋林带着头骨和其中一根腿骨回房间,不想让他神叨叨的室友看到,于是悄悄地藏在床榻底下。僧舍只有一张榻,涅顿秋林不在宗萨的时候阿章就睡在那;假如他俩都在,阿章就铺毯子睡地上。
午夜过后,熟睡中他们听到东西掉地上的声音,接着传来一阵怪声。
“哎哟!什么声音?”阿章问:“什么在咕咕咕、嗒嗒嗒地响?”
涅顿秋林昏昏沉沉地嘟囔说他不清楚,于是他俩继续睡。
不久咕咕咕、嗒嗒嗒声又响起,阿章问涅顿秋林仁波切:“是什么?你带什么进屋里了?”
涅顿秋林只好将床底藏着头骨的事告诉阿章:“不过,头骨不可能发出这样的怪声,不是吗?”
阿章布色的好奇心被勾起,立马将头骨拿出来,仔细研究。他举起烧着的木柴借光,头骨突然在地板上滚动。阿章布色吓得赶忙将它踩住。
“找东西将它盖起来,不然我们控制不住!”阿章大喊。忽然他有了更好的主意:“试试用你的鞋子。”他拿起涅顿秋林的鞋子,狠狠地砸了砸头骨。果然见效。
阿章是名医生,平日来访的病人很多。第二天早上,他让侄子(也是他的侍从)通告,说自己太忙,无法接诊。抽空间,他跟涅顿秋林烧了一大锅水,放点泡打粉,将头骨和腿骨放进沸水烧开。之后,阿章将它们带回房间,锯好,藏在粮仓里。
涅顿秋林两天后见到仁波切,“嘿,祖古!”仁波切喊到。
“在。”
“你最近去过墓地吗?有没有挖到头骨?”仁波切问。
涅顿秋林猜想大概率是贡纳祖古或者阿章漏了风声,便如实回答:“是的,我找到一个头骨。”
“我用得上!”仁波切喊道:“拿来给我!”
“啊,遵命!”涅顿秋林有点着急,要交出头骨,阿章会怎么想?
“仁波切怎么知道头骨的事?你跟他讲的吗?”阿章问。
“没有,当然没有。我以为你漏的口风!”涅顿秋林坚定地说。无可否认的是,仁波切确切地问他要。
"或许你我都没有留住这头骨的福分。如果仁波切说他用得上,唯有给他。”阿章将头骨装满谷物,由涅顿秋林带去给仁波切。
接过头骨,仁波切将谷子倒在折叠好的披肩上,仔细地研究:“这个我能用得上。”说着,他将头骨拿进自己房间。
- 嘎巴拉 - 又称托巴碗,由人的头盖骨做成的骷髅碗,用作法器。
宗萨钦哲的顽疾
有段时间顶果钦哲频繁到宗萨拜访确吉罗卓仁波切。有一次,仁波切得了种怪病,跟现代医学所称的癫痫相似,他请顶果钦哲念经祈福。顶果钦哲绞尽脑汁,想不到该念什么,他问仁波切建议,俩人都束手无策。后来,顶果钦哲想起金刚手菩萨成就法,于是他带着手抄版的《如意宝口诀心要意成就法》到仁波切府邸,坐在次久房间地上,念了一整天。黄昏时刻,出乎众人意料,仁波切说他身体完全恢复了。
空行母的头发
我父亲1给我讲过他第一次目睹仁波切病情发作的样子。那时仁波切在他的禅房修持,忽然身体不受控制地颤抖,眼球朝上翻滚,涅顿秋林描述的是,眼珠子突出,感觉快要从眼眶蹦出来的样子!后面更糟糕,仁波切开始呻吟,有如濒临死亡。涅顿秋林吓得不轻,没见识过这种情况,束手无策。
正纠结着该不该大喊求救时,仁波切挥挥手,看似指着柜子的一个抽屉。涅顿秋林打开抽屉,里面有根粗辫子,看像是女子的头发。仁波切继续失语地比划着,涅顿秋林以为让他烧头发,于是抽出一大坨扔进火堆。头发的焦烟迅速飘向仁波切,进入他的鼻孔,身体。忽然间,仁波切弯下腰干吐(什么都没吐出来),很快他自己直起身,第一件事就是指责涅顿秋林鲁莽浪费。
“那束头发极其珍贵!我发病时唯一能帮我的神药,你刚刚浪费那么大一把!”
涅顿秋林后来知道那束头发的主人是一名果洛女子,她曾远途来到宗萨,告诉仁波切她希望成为他的法侣。那年仁波切应该25岁左右,是位守严戒的僧人,没有接纳她。即使遭到拒绝,果洛女子依旧在宗萨逗留数月,每次侍从为拉章准备荟供的时候,她都会亲自准备上师那份供品。再后来,她放弃了,剪下一束头发,让侍从捎给仁波切。她说:“这头发能在关键时刻帮助仁波切恢复神志。”离开宗萨不久后她便离世,他俩之间的良缘也就此化为泡影。
这名果洛女子去世不久后,仁波切第一次病情发作 - 通常理解为空行母愤怒的表现 - 果洛女孩头发的焦烟就是仁波切的解药。
二世钦哲与拉卡家族
确吉罗卓四十岁那年去过一趟阿督拉卡家,那时康卓慈玲还是婴儿,刚学爬,而慈璐刚学步,是个肥嘟嘟的圆脸娃。直贡伏藏师沃瑟多杰恰好也在拉卡家——那个年代没人称他为伏藏师——拉卡家有许多禅房,大多法事都由沃瑟多杰负责。那一次,他念诵的是《康珠尔》。
傍晚,仁波切为拉卡家人以及直贡伏藏师进行长寿灌顶,灌顶后伏藏师说:“今日,我接受了蒋扬钦哲旺波的转世赋予的《无死圣度母心髓》长寿灌顶,缘分殊胜。日后他将成为伟大的金刚本尊,开始修持内在瑜伽,这些女孩有缘成为他的金刚法侣。”他边说边抚摸康卓慈玲秋珑和慈璐的头。
确吉罗卓听后吓坏了,大发雷霆——大家见过他最生气的一次。顶果钦哲觉得伏藏师必定是洞视到了确吉罗卓钦哲的未来,他的预言后来的确有实现。
Keiko Wong 译 - 中文节选,献给受宗萨钦哲二世与康卓慈玲启发的所有人,业余更新,请多指教。若有差误,请
- 2. Katok Monastery
- 2.1 Chokyi Lodro’s Childhood / A vision from a Previous Life / The Incident with the Quicksilver / Tulku Lodro Examines His Dreams
- 3. Tulku Lodro is given to Dzongsar
- 3.1 Khyentse Wangpo’s Bed
- 3.2 The Khyentse Tulku Controversy
- Jago Tobden Gets Involved
- 4. Regent of Katok Monastery / The Expulsion of Women from Katok Monastery / Chokyi Lodro’s Last Visit to Katok Monastery
- 5. The Founding of Khamje Shedra (The Third Dodrupchen / THE MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES)
- 6. The Early Years at Khyentse Labrang
- 7. Summer Camp (The The Teeley / Dancing / Murder at Karmo Tak Tsang)
Katok Monastery
According to Dilgo Khyentse, it was Jamgon Kongtrul Lodro Taye Who recognized all five emanations of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, and so it was to Jamgon Kongtrul that Katok Situ Chokyi Gyatso wrote, begging for a Khyentse tulku to be sent to Katok: “A Khyentse tulku would be an indispensable asset to the monastery.”
“There aren’t any Khyentse tulkus left!” replied Jamgon Kongtrul. “There is one boy who might be of benefit to Katok Monastery…but it’s probably not a good idea for me to name him.”
Of course, Katok Situ immediately sent many more messages to Jamgon Kongtrul begging him to identify the boy and was eventually summoned to Jamgon Kongtrul’s residence.
“You keep asking me to appoint a Khyentse tulku to Katok Monastery,“ Said Jamgon Kongtrul. “Katok Monastery is a very sacred place. Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo is believed to have said that had it been possible for him to live at Katok, it would have been the second best way for him to spend his life. The best would have been for him to live as a homeless wanderer, in which case he would have built a large monastery for several thousand monks somewhere on the border of U and Tsang before attaining rainbow body at a place called Tsang Oyuk. But circumstances were against both those options.
“I don’t know why Khyentse Wangpo couldn’t live at Katok. It may have been an obstacle created by four-faced Mahakala, or perhaps his positive activities outside Katok were so beneficial that it was impossible for him to retire to the monastery.
“Whatever the reason, right now Katok Monastery needs a Khyentse tulku. You must therefore take into your care the grandson of the great Terton of Ser he is unquestionably the activity emanation of Khyentse Wangpo. But don’t build him a labrang or load him down with the responsibilities of a labrang. And don’t make him head of the monastery or impose any of those kinds of duty on him. If he can be left to nurture spontaneity and yogic discipline, he will without doubt become an incomparable mahasiddha in the Land of Snows. So don’t ever entrust him with weighty responsibilities! Not before you’ve really thought about whether it’s truly appropriate or even necessary.”
Jamgon Kongtrul gave the letter, protection cord, and scarf to Katok Situ and bestowed on Chokyi Lodro the name Lodro Gyatso. Katok Situ took it all to Tswang Chokdrup, the son of the old Terton of Ser, then returned to Katok with Chokyi Lodro, who lived there until he was thirteen years old.
Gongna Tulku told me it was snowing the day Khyentse Chokyi Lodro arrived at Katok. Situ Labrang looked huge from the outside, but inside it was virtually empty, and Rinpoche was given a very shabby room. The following day the snow was so deep that the local villagers were unable to leave their homes, which was very unusual for the region and considered by many to be a good omen. He was quickly enthroned in a simple ceremony.
The following year, Katok Situ traveled with many of his monks to Tsadra Rinchen Drak where Jamgon Kongtrul was to give the great empowerment of the General Essentialization of All the Wisdom of the Buddhas. Chokyi Lodro longed to go, but Katok Situ wouldn’t take him. “You are just a child, there’s no need for you to go,” he said, Chokyi Lodro didn’t dare argue and later said that missing his only opportunity to meet Jamgon Kongtrul was his greatest regret. This is not mentioned in the Great Biography.
Dilgo Khyentse said that Rinpoche never admitted to being a tulku of Khyentse Wangpo, in fact, Rinpoche insisted it wasn’t possible. He had been born in the year of the snake and Khyentse Wangpo had passed away only eight months earlier in the first month of the dragon year. He even backed up his assertion with quotations from the Treasury of Abhidharma and other texts. This is clearly stated in the Great Biography.
Khyentse Wangpo’s Bed
That night, Chokyi Lodro wandered through the labrang until he found a bedroom with a monk’s bed in it. It wasn’t until much later that he discovered the bedroom he had chosen was Khyentse Wangpo’s and therefore the most important room in the labrang. At the time there didn’t seem to be anywhere else for him to sleep, so he moved in. And none of the labrang staff said a word about whose room it had been.
The following year, Katok Situ visited Dzongsar for the second time.
When Chokyi Lodro politely asked him to sit down once more. And again Katok Situ refused.
“I could not possibly sit on that bed,” said Katok Situ, and instead accepted a thick cushion.
“Where do you sleep?” asked Katok Situ.
“The only bed I could find when I first arrived was this one, and I’ve slept here ever since,” replied Chokyi Lodro.
“Adzi!” exclaimed Katok Situ. “They say ‘a dog sleeps on a man’s bed,’ and it’s true!”
Chokyi Lodro said nothing.
“Adzi!” cried Katok Situ a moment later. “The saying ‘a dog sleeping on a man’s bed’ is true!”
He repeated the adage several times, until eventually Chokyi Lodro asked him why he kept saying it.
“This is the bed of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, the Sovereign Lord of all the teachings of the Buddha. And you sleep in it!” said Katok Situ.
Chokyi Lodro said he suddenly felt very uncomfortable. Although he had already slept in that bed for many nights, he asked Katok Situ if he should find somewhere else to sleep.
“As you are already sleeping here, you should continue to do so,” replied Katok Situ. And he couldn’t have been that unhappy about it because later he said he felt an auspicious circumstance had been created.
Katok Situ was immensely kind to Kyentse Chokyi Lodro. He talked with him at length and gave him a great deal of advice and guidance on the outer and inner practices. But Jamgon Kongtrul’s prophecy about the most auspicious option for Chokyi Lodro’s life that he live the life of a wanderer never came to be.
When Shechen Gyaltsab visited Dzongsar, Chokyi Lodro invited him to sit on Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo’s bed. Shechen Gyaltsab instantly declared that he would do no such thing. Instead he offered three prostrations, placed his forehead against the bed, then gave Chokyi Lodro an empowerment I think it was for a sadhana called the Perfectly Accomplished Guru from the treasure teachings of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo. Only then, as he gave the empowerment, did Shechen Gyaltsab acquiesce; and when he was offered the previous Khyentse’s hat to wear, he accepted that too.
“Apart from the previous incarnation of Gyaltsab,” said Rinpoche much later, “no one dared sit on Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo’s bed. Thinking about it now, I lacked all the qualities that would have qualified me to sleep in the bed pf such a supremely excellent and unique master. But as I had already slept there for a number of years, what else could I do?”
The Khyentse Tulku Controversy
Background
As I’ve already mentioned, when Khyentse Wangpo died the prophecies predicted five incarnations, and it was Jamgon Kongtrul who recognized the tulku who was initially taken to Dzongsar Monastery as its throne holder (the body incarnation) – the tulku who died prematurely in the arms of Dzogchen Rinpoche.
While the First Khyentse Tulku was living at Dzongsar, another Khyentse tulku was also taken to live there, and a rumor quickly spread that he had been recognized by Ponlop Loter Wangpo himself. This other tulku was known as Khyen Trukma. Truk means “small” and in this context is a little impertinent, but that’s what they called him.
In the meantime, Katok Situ’s determination to bring a Khyentse incarnation to Katok Monastery had only increased. As I’ve already said, the activity incarnation of Khyentse Wangpo had yet to be recognized and enthroned when Jamgon Kongtrul recognized Khyentse Chokyi Lodro, but not before imposing the condition that the young tulku should not be burdened with the responsibilities of running a big labrang or monastery.
After the First Khyentse Tulku passed away, Kalzang Dorje wrote that strong letter demanding that Katok Situ send Khyentse Chokyi Lodro to Dzongsar. But then Kalzang Dorje died, which made things very difficult for Katok Situ. Had Kalzang Dorje lived, Katok Situ would have been able to tell him about Jamgon Kongtrul’s condition, and together they would have come up with a solution that worked for both monasteries. But as he was dead, Katok Situ’s only option was to comply with Kalzang Dorje’s final wish.
Yangsi Rinpoche Thubten Chokyi Gyatso said that from what he’d heard, Khyen Trukma was never fully accepted as the monastery’s throne holder by all the Dzongsar monks. This is true. Dzongsar is a Sakya monastery, and the monks who accepted Khyen Trukma only did so because he was a Sakyapa. But the all-powerful Khyentse Labrang, which was entirely separate from Dzongsar Monastery, emphatically did not. (Khyentse Wangpo never had much to do with Dzongsar Monastery.) This was why Kalzang Dorje, who was Khyentse Wangpo’s nephew, regent, and the interim head of Khyentse Labrang, demanded that Katok Situ send Khyentse Chokyi Lodro to Dzongsar. And this is how two incarnations of Khyentse Wangpo ended up living at the same monastery at the same time. Khyentse Labrang and Regent Kalzang Dorje looked after Chokyi Lodro, and Dzongsar Monastery looked after Khyen Trukma.
I don’t know if there were any clashes between those close to the tulkus, but as the rumor that Khyen Trukma had been recognized by Loter Wangpo was never verified, a dispute arose between Dzongsar Monastery and Khyentse Labrang, so serious that many of the monks armed themselves with daggers.
At the height of the hostilities, Katok Situ arrived at Dznogsar to speak with Chokyi Lodro.
“Jamgon Kongtrul made a prophecy about you,” said Katok Situ, over a cup of tea. “But it seems this monastery doesn’t want you. They tell me there are even people here who actively dislike you. So if you want to, you can come back to Katok with me, because I really need you.”
Chokyi Lodro, who had grown up a bit by then, thought deeply before he replied.
“I can only ever agree to anything Rinpoche asks me to do,” he said.”But first, I would like to say something.”
“Ah!” said Katok Situ. “What is it?”
“Rinpoche, you’ve asked me to go back to Katok with you. Had I not already been given to Dzongsar, that would be a very reasonable course of action. But I have been given to this monastery and I’ve settled here. It’s true, there are problems. But if I leave without resolving them, worldly people won’t hesitate to criticize me. On top of which, my dreams indicate that if I do stay, I will be able, in some small way, to benefit the Buddhadharma. As far as Katok is concerned, I could never do more than you, Rinpoche, while you live, as you do everything so much better than I do. But should there be a time when you are no longer at Katok, I promise I will serve the monastery for a full fifteen years.”
Katok Situ remained silent long after Chokyi Lodro finished speaking. He rested his gaze in the sky, and tears flowed down his cheeks.
“We human beings always fall into the same trap!” he said finally. “I thought that being older and more experienced than you, I was somehow greater and more far-sighted. But you have exceeded me both spiritually and temporally, I see now that you should not leave Dzongsar. You must remain here.”
So Chokyi Lodro stayed at Dzongsar.
Yangsi Rinpoche Thubten Chokyi Gyatso said he’d heard that when Chokyi Lodro was first sent to Dzongsar, Katok Situ had not agreed to give the tulku outright, only to lend him to Dzongsar for fifteen years. But I’ve not found a single account to corroborate this detail. All I’ve ever been told is that Khyentse Chokyi Lodro pledged to serve Katok Monastery for fifteen years – which is also mentioned in the Great Biography.
Tulku Lodro is given to Dzongsar
I will now tell you a few of the stories I heard from Dilgo Khyentse, exactly as he told them to me. The First Khyentse Tulku was receiving the transmission of Precious Chokyi Dorje, at Dzogchen Monastery, when suddenly, just as the Guru section was drawing to a close, he fell violently ill. As the tulku had a high fever, they all thought it was a flu virus, but it soon became obvious that his illness was rather more serious. His attendants called Dzogchen Rinpoche to his bedside.
“The reincarnation of my root guru is dying,” whispered Dzogchen Rinpoche, as he laid the young tulku’s head in his lap and wept. Not long after, Dzogchen Rinpoche announced that the tulku had passed away.
The First Khyentse Tulku had been the body emanation of Khyentse Wangpo, but his subsequent incarnation was never recognized. Many suspected it was Dilgo Khyentse, but when I asked him directly, he denied it.
Kalzang Dorje was Khyentse Wangpo’s nephew and became the regent of Dzongsar Monastery after Khyentse Wangpo passed away, so it was his job to care for the First Khyentse Tulku. After the tulku died, Kalzang Dorje wrote to Katok Situ:” My Dzongsar Khyentse Tulku has passed away quite suddenly, like a brilliant sun eclipsed by the moon. I am ill and close to death. Please,come what may, give me the grandson of the great Terton of Ser, the boy you have at Katok. If you care about the samaya between us brothers, and the samaya between you and your uncle, Khyentse Wangpo, you have no choice but to do as I ask. Send the tulku to Dzongsar Monastery. These are my dying words.”
Regent Kalzang Dorje passed away the day after he wrote this letter. Nevertheless, it was dispatched to Katok and delivered by hand to Katok Situ.
At first Katok Situ said nothing. Then he summoned Chokyi Lodro into his presence.
“Jamgon Kongtrul instructed me not to entrust you with any kind of responsibility not for the monastery, the labrang, or any other institution. But today I received a letter from Kalzang Dorje instructing me to give you to Dzongsar Monastery. If he were still alive, we could discuss the situation, but he is dead, and the only way I can maintain a pure samaya connection with both him and Khyentse Wangpo is to do as he asks. In fact, I have no choice, because this is the one samaya I lack the courage to ignore. So, as I can’t think of an alternative, I’m afraid you will have to go to Dzongsar.”
Chokyi Lodro replied that although he felt no great desire to go to Dzongsar, neither was he completely unmoved by the prospect. So, shortly after they spoke, Katok Situ and Chokyi Lodro, accompanied by six or seven attendants, made the journey to Dzongsar.
Khyentse Labrang was in possession of all of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo’s wealth and belongings but did not display its riches ostentatiously.
When Chokyi Lodro first arrived at Dzongsar, the residents of the monastery didn’t go out of their way to welcome him. But later, on an auspicious day, the officials and attendants of the labrang stacked a few thick cushions on a throne in the empowerment hall, and Katok Situ preside over Chokyi Lodro’s enthronement.
The Early Years at Khyentse Labrang
When Khyentse Wangpo was at Dzongsar, he lived in houses offered by the Somo and Dumo families. When Khyentse Chokyi Lodro first moved to Dzongsar, he lived in a house that had originally belonged to the Dilgo family, where an old monk and relative of Khyentse Wangpo had once lived, and from time to time, Khyentse Wangpo must have visited him there. I think there’s still a stone fixed above the door with “Chime Drupe Gatsal” carved into it, like mani mantras are carved into rock. All these buildings were made of bamboo mats and stood side by side, once Khyentse Chokyi Lodro had settled permanently at Dzongsar, doorways were cut through the walls to make one large structure, which was then known as Khyentse Labrang. Here are some of the stories I’ve heard about life in the labrang.
Intially Rinpoche didn’t have many attendants, just a cook, a solpon, and Tsejor. He didn’t like having laypeople in the labrang. If he heard that a layperson was staying there, he would say,”What is he doing here, eating my food and misusing offerings? Tell him to go away!”
In those days, Derge Tsang did not send important emissaries to Dzongsar, and generally life was far less busy than it would later become. Tsejor said that Rinpoche’s mind seemed perfectly at peace and very clear, and that he was able to guide a multitude of activities, both large and small. He would practise from early morning until midday in complete silence, relax a little after lunch, then practice again in the late afternoon. His attendants also lived pleasant, leisurely lives.
“That was when I was truly happy,” said Rinpoche to Tsejor one day.
“You were happy, even though you had so few attendants and no wealth?” exclaimed Tsejor, a little surprised.
“However much wealth I now own,” replied Rinpoche, “I never experience the kind of peace and happiness I enjoyed in those early days.”
The Life and Times of Jamyang Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö
By Dilgo Khyentse, Orgyen Tobgyal
English version Translated by Drubgyud Tenzin Rinpoche & Khenpo Sonam Phuntsok
Chinese version drafted/translated by